Molecular Mechanism and Implication of Telomer Length and Transposable Element on Biological Aging
Temesgen Mitiku *
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia.
Betelhem Abebe
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia.
Birhan Getie
Department of Biotechnology, University of Gonder, Ethiopia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In terms of pathophysiology, aging is an irreversible process. It presents with decrease in tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the hazards of various aging-related diseases, including cancer, metabolic diseases and immune system diseases. Research on aging has focused on examining how various endogenous and exogenous stressors, including genomic instability, epigenetic alteration, proteostasis loss, compromised autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, and deregulated nutrient sensing, influence aging. In all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, transposable elements are the major cause of genetic instability.
Another common feature of age-related diseases is the accelerated rate of telomere attrition. Due to this, telomere length has been recognized as a reliable biomarker of aging for a long time. Research on the pathogenesis of aging could result in interventions that support health and longevity, as well as clinical treatment methods for aging-related diseases, which could lead to a reduction in the incidence and development of aging-related diseases, thereby promoting healthy aging and longevity.
Keywords: Aging, age-related diseases, telomere length, transposable elements